我们在高维批处理设置中提出了统计上健壮和计算高效的线性学习方法，其中功能$ d $的数量可能超过样本量$ n $。在通用学习环境中，我们采用两种算法，具体取决于所考虑的损失函数是否为梯度lipschitz。然后，我们将我们的框架实例化，包括几种应用程序，包括香草稀疏，群 - 帕克斯和低升级矩阵恢复。对于每种应用，这导致了有效而强大的学习算法，这些算法在重尾分布和异常值的存在下达到了近乎最佳的估计率。对于香草$ S $ -SPARSITY，我们能够以重型尾巴和$ \ eta $ - 腐败的计算成本与非企业类似物相当的计算成本达到$ s \ log（d）/n $速率。我们通过开放源代码$ \ mathtt {python} $库提供了有效的算法实现文献中提出的最新方法。

我们在对数损失下引入条件密度估计的过程，我们调用SMP（样本Minmax预测器）。该估算器最大限度地减少了统计学习的新一般过度风险。在标准示例中，此绑定量表为$ d / n $，$ d $ d $模型维度和$ n $ sample大小，并在模型拼写条目下批判性仍然有效。作为一个不当（超出型号）的程序，SMP在模型内估算器（如最大似然估计）的内部估算器上，其风险过高的风险降低。相比，与顺序问题的方法相比，我们的界限删除了SubOltimal $ \ log n $因子，可以处理无限的类。对于高斯线性模型，SMP的预测和风险受到协变量的杠杆分数，几乎匹配了在没有条件的线性模型的噪声方差或近似误差的条件下匹配的最佳风险。对于Logistic回归，SMP提供了一种非贝叶斯方法来校准依赖于虚拟样本的概率预测，并且可以通过解决两个逻辑回归来计算。它达到了$ O的非渐近风险（（d + b ^ 2r ^ 2）/ n）$，其中$ r $绑定了特征的规范和比较参数的$ B $。相比之下，在模型内估计器内没有比$ \ min达到更好的速率（{b r} / {\ sqrt {n}}，{d e ^ {br} / {n}）$。这为贝叶斯方法提供了更实用的替代方法，这需要近似的后部采样，从而部分地解决了Foster等人提出的问题。 （2018）。

We explore the abilities of two machine learning approaches for no-arbitrage interpolation of European vanilla option prices, which jointly yield the corresponding local volatility surface: a finite dimensional Gaussian process (GP) regression approach under no-arbitrage constraints based on prices, and a neural net (NN) approach with penalization of arbitrages based on implied volatilities. We demonstrate the performance of these approaches relative to the SSVI industry standard. The GP approach is proven arbitrage-free, whereas arbitrages are only penalized under the SSVI and NN approaches. The GP approach obtains the best out-of-sample calibration error and provides uncertainty quantification.The NN approach yields a smoother local volatility and a better backtesting performance, as its training criterion incorporates a local volatility regularization term.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to present a method for real-time 2D-3D non-rigid registration using a single fluoroscopic image. Such a method can find applications in surgery, interventional radiology and radiotherapy. By estimating a three-dimensional displacement field from a 2D X-ray image, anatomical structures segmented in the preoperative scan can be projected onto the 2D image, thus providing a mixed reality view. Methods: A dataset composed of displacement fields and 2D projections of the anatomy is generated from the preoperative scan. From this dataset, a neural network is trained to recover the unknown 3D displacement field from a single projection image. Results: Our method is validated on lung 4D CT data at different stages of the lung deformation. The training is performed on a 3D CT using random (non domain-specific) diffeomorphic deformations, to which perturbations mimicking the pose uncertainty are added. The model achieves a mean TRE over a series of landmarks ranging from 2.3 to 5.5 mm depending on the amplitude of deformation. Conclusion: In this paper, a CNN-based method for real-time 2D-3D non-rigid registration is presented. This method is able to cope with pose estimation uncertainties, making it applicable to actual clinical scenarios, such as lung surgery, where the C-arm pose is planned before the intervention.

Although deep networks have shown vulnerability to evasion attacks, such attacks have usually unrealistic requirements. Recent literature discussed the possibility to remove or not some of these requirements. This paper contributes to this literature by introducing a carpet-bombing patch attack which has almost no requirement. Targeting the feature representations, this patch attack does not require knowing the network task. This attack decreases accuracy on Imagenet, mAP on Pascal Voc, and IoU on Cityscapes without being aware that the underlying tasks involved classification, detection or semantic segmentation, respectively. Beyond the potential safety issues raised by this attack, the impact of the carpet-bombing attack highlights some interesting property of deep network layer dynamic.

Computer vision and machine learning are playing an increasingly important role in computer-assisted diagnosis; however, the application of deep learning to medical imaging has challenges in data availability and data imbalance, and it is especially important that models for medical imaging are built to be trustworthy. Therefore, we propose TRUDLMIA, a trustworthy deep learning framework for medical image analysis, which adopts a modular design, leverages self-supervised pre-training, and utilizes a novel surrogate loss function. Experimental evaluations indicate that models generated from the framework are both trustworthy and high-performing. It is anticipated that the framework will support researchers and clinicians in advancing the use of deep learning for dealing with public health crises including COVID-19.

Deep learning surrogate models are being increasingly used in accelerating scientific simulations as a replacement for costly conventional numerical techniques. However, their use remains a significant challenge when dealing with real-world complex examples. In this work, we demonstrate three types of neural network architectures for efficient learning of highly non-linear deformations of solid bodies. The first two architectures are based on the recently proposed CNN U-NET and MAgNET (graph U-NET) frameworks which have shown promising performance for learning on mesh-based data. The third architecture is Perceiver IO, a very recent architecture that belongs to the family of attention-based neural networks--a class that has revolutionised diverse engineering fields and is still unexplored in computational mechanics. We study and compare the performance of all three networks on two benchmark examples, and show their capabilities to accurately predict the non-linear mechanical responses of soft bodies.

In Novel Class Discovery (NCD), the goal is to find new classes in an unlabeled set given a labeled set of known but different classes. While NCD has recently gained attention from the community, no framework has yet been proposed for heterogeneous tabular data, despite being a very common representation of data. In this paper, we propose TabularNCD, a new method for discovering novel classes in tabular data. We show a way to extract knowledge from already known classes to guide the discovery process of novel classes in the context of tabular data which contains heterogeneous variables. A part of this process is done by a new method for defining pseudo labels, and we follow recent findings in Multi-Task Learning to optimize a joint objective function. Our method demonstrates that NCD is not only applicable to images but also to heterogeneous tabular data.

The French National Institute of Geographical and Forest Information (IGN) has the mission to document and measure land-cover on French territory and provides referential geographical datasets, including high-resolution aerial images and topographic maps. The monitoring of land-cover plays a crucial role in land management and planning initiatives, which can have significant socio-economic and environmental impact. Together with remote sensing technologies, artificial intelligence (IA) promises to become a powerful tool in determining land-cover and its evolution. IGN is currently exploring the potential of IA in the production of high-resolution land cover maps. Notably, deep learning methods are employed to obtain a semantic segmentation of aerial images. However, territories as large as France imply heterogeneous contexts: variations in landscapes and image acquisition make it challenging to provide uniform, reliable and accurate results across all of France. The FLAIR-one dataset presented is part of the dataset currently used at IGN to establish the French national reference land cover map "Occupation du sol \`a grande \'echelle" (OCS- GE).

Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be able to perform new tasks based on a few demonstrations or natural language instructions. While these capabilities have led to widespread adoption, most LLMs are developed by resource-rich organizations and are frequently kept from the public. As a step towards democratizing this powerful technology, we present BLOOM, a 176B-parameter open-access language model designed and built thanks to a collaboration of hundreds of researchers. BLOOM is a decoder-only Transformer language model that was trained on the ROOTS corpus, a dataset comprising hundreds of sources in 46 natural and 13 programming languages (59 in total). We find that BLOOM achieves competitive performance on a wide variety of benchmarks, with stronger results after undergoing multitask prompted finetuning. To facilitate future research and applications using LLMs, we publicly release our models and code under the Responsible AI License.